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List library
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n7 version 22.04.22
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how to create bullets
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Raycasting
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linked list
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where to learn c from bas...
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code editor tip
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Chunky Scores
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| List library |
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Posted by: Marcus - 05-06-2023, 11:39 AM - Forum: N7
- Replies (1)
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You can create lists (regular arrays but with added functionality) using this library if you want cleaner code.
list_example.n7
Code: ' list_example.n7
' ---------------
include "list.n7"
' Create a list.
list = List()
' Add(x) adds x to the end of the list.
list.Add("Hello")
list.Add("there")
' ToString() returns a string representation of the list.
pln "After Add: " + list.ToString()
' Insert(x, index) inserts x at a specified index.
list.Insert("everyone", 1)
pln "After Insert: " + list.ToString()
' Remove removes all occurrences of x from the list and returns the number of items removed.
list.Remove("Hello")
pln "After Remove: " + list.ToString()
' RemoveByIndex(index) removes the item at a specified index.
list.RemoveByIndex(0)
pln "After RemoveByIndex: " + list.ToString()
' Clear() clears the list.
list.Clear()
pln "After Clear: " + list.ToString()
' Add a bunch of random numbers.
for i = 1 to 10 list.Add(rnd(100))
pln "After Add: " + list.ToString()
' Sort(type) sorts the list. Use type list.ASCENDING to sort in ascending order.
list.Sort(list.ASCENDING)
pln "After Sort: " + list.ToString()
' Sorted(type) returns a sorted shallow copy of the list, this time in descending order. This does
' not affect the original list.
pln "Sorted clone: " + list.Sorted(list.DESCENDING).ToString()
' A function that returns a table with some information for a person.
function Person(name, age)
p = [name: name, age: age]
' Add a ToString function. The list ToString function checks for function with this name and
' uses it in its own ToString function.
p.ToString = function()
return this.name + " (" + this.age + ")"
endfunc
return p
endfunc
' Clear the list and add some persons.
list.Clear()
list.Add(Person("Marcus", 43))
list.Add(Person("Sven", 28))
list.Add(Person("August", 13))
list.Add(Person("John", 76))
pln "After Add: " + list.ToString()
' SortByField(field, type) works like sort but sorts by a table field.
list.SortByField("age", list.DESCENDING)
pln "After SortByField: " + list.ToString()
' Add two more persons that have the same age as Marcus.
list.Add(Person("Alfons", 43))
list.Add(Person("Zara", 43))
' You can send your own sorting function to Sort/Sorted/SortByField/SortedByField. This function
' should take two parameters, like my_sorter(a, b). If a should come before b, return -1. If a
' should come after b, return 1. If a and b are equal, return 0. Here we use such a function to
' sort our persons first by age and then by name.
list.Sort(function(a, b)
' By age.
if a.age < b.age return -1
if a.age > b.age return 1
' Then by name.
if a.name < b.name return -1
if a.name > b.name return 1
return 0
endfunc)
pln "After Add and Sort by age and name: " + list.ToString()
' Pop removes and returns the last item in the list.
person = list.Pop()
' You can use Contains(x) to check if the list contains x. You can also use IndexOf(x) to get the
' index of the first occurrence of x in the list or IndexOfFrom(x, i) to return the first occurrence
' of x from index i. IndexOf and IndexOfFrom returns -1 if x does not exist in the list.
if list.Contains(person) pln person.ToString() + " is still in the list"
else pln person.ToString() + " is no longer in the list"
' You can access the elements of the list as you do with a regular array. But you can NOT use sizeof
' to determine the size of a list (sizeof would return the number of fields in the list, including
' its functions). Use the Size() function or access the field size directly.
pln "Forward iteration:"
for i = 0 to list.Size() - 1 pln " " + list[i].ToString()
pln "Backward iteration:"
for i = list.size - 1 to 0 pln " " + list[i].ToString()
system "pause"
list.n7
Code: ' List.n7
' -------
' Just an array with some helper functions.
' List
' ----
' Return a new List.
function List()
list = []
list.size = 0
list.ASCENDING = 1
list.DESCENDING = -1
' Size
' ----
' Return size. Accessing the size field is okay.
list.Size = function()
return this.size
endfunc
' Contains
' --------
' Return true if list contains x.
list.Contains = function(x)
if not this.size return false
for i = 0 to this.size - 1 if this[i] = x return true
return false
endfunc
' IndexOf
' -------
' Return index of first occurrance of x in list or -1 if x wasn't found.
list.IndexOf = function(x)
if this.size for i = 0 to this.size - 1 if this[i] = x return i
return -1
endfunc
' IndexOfFrom
' -----------
' Return index of first occurance of x in list, starting the search at index index, or -1 if x
' wasn't found.
list.IndexOfFrom = function(x, index)
if index < 0 or index >= this.size return -1
for i = index to this.size - 1 if this[i] = x return i
return -1
endfunc
' Clone
' -----
' Return a shallow clone of this list. For a deep copy, just use the copy command.
list.Clone = function()
list = List()
if this.size for i = 0 to this.size - 1 list.Add(this[i])
return list
endfunc
' Clear
' -----
' Clear list.
list.Clear = function()
if not this.size return false
for i = 0 to this.size - 1 free this[i]
this.size = 0
return true
endfunc
' Add
' ---
' Add x at the end of the list.
list.Add = function(x)
this[this.size] = x
this.size = this.size + 1
endfunc
' AddList
' -------
' Add the content of list to end of this list.
list.AddList = function(list)
if not list.size return
for i = 0 to list.size - 1 this[this.size + i] = list[i]
this.size = this.size + list.size
endfunc
' Insert
' ------
' Insert x at index index.
list.Insert = function(x, index)
' Should index be cropped? I think it's better to assert.
assert index >= 0 and index <= this.size, "List.Insert: Invalid index " + index
if index < this.size for i = this.size - 1 to index this[i + 1] = this[i]
this[index] = x
this.size = this.size + 1
endfunc
' Remove
' ------
' Remove x from the list.
list.Remove = function(x)
if not this.size return 0
sub = 0
for i = 0 to this.size - 1
if this[i] = x
free this[i]
sub = sub + 1
else
this[i - sub] = this[i]
endif
next
this.size = this.size - sub
endfunc
' RemoveByIndex
' -------------
' Remove index index from list.
list.RemoveByIndex = function(index)
if index < 0 or index >= this.size return false
free this[index]
if index < this.size - 1 for i = index to this.size - 2 this[i] = this[i + 1]
this.size = this.size - 1
return true
endfunc
' Pop
' ---
' Remove and return the last item in the list.
list.Pop = function()
if not this.size return unset
this.size = this.size - 1
x = this[this.size]
free this[this.size]
return x
endfunc
' Sort
' ----
' Sort list using quick sort, type can be list.ASCENDING, list.DESCENDING or a function. If a
' function is used, it should take two arguments, like my_sorter(a, b). If a should come before
' b the function must return a negative value (like -1). If a should come after b, return a
' positive number. If a and b are equal, return 0.
list.Sort = function(type)
' Sort ascending.
function reclh(a, low, high)
i = low; j = high
pivot = a[(low + high)/2]
do
while (a[i] < pivot) i = i + 1
while (a[j] > pivot) j = j - 1
if i <= j
tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp
i = i + 1; j = j - 1
endif
until i > j
if low < j reclh(a, low, j)
if i < high reclh(a, i, high)
endfunc
' Sort descending.
function rechl(a, low, high)
i = low; j = high
pivot = a[(low + high)/2]
do
while (a[i] > pivot) i = i + 1
while (a[j] < pivot) j = j - 1
if i <= j
tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp
i = i + 1; j = j - 1
endif
until i > j
if low < j rechl(a, low, j)
if i < high rechl(a, i, high)
endfunc
' Sort using function f.
function recf(a, low, high, f)
i = low; j = high
pivot = a[(low + high)/2]
do
while f(a[i], pivot) < 0 i = i + 1
while f(a[j], pivot) > 0 j = j - 1
if i <= j
tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp
i = i + 1; j = j - 1
endif
until i > j
if low < j recf(a, low, j, f)
if i < high recf(a, i, high, f)
endfunc
if this.size > 1
if typeof(type) = TYPE_FUNCTION recf(this, 0, this.size - 1, type)
elseif type >= 0 reclh(this, 0, this.size - 1)
else rechl(this, 0, this.size - 1)
endif
endfunc
' Sorted
' ------
' Works like Sort, but returns a sorted shallow copy instead of sorting this list.
list.Sorted = function(type)
list = this.Clone()
list.Sort(type)
return list
endfunc
' SortByField
' -----------
' Works like Sort but compares a field f of the items in the list.
list.SortByField = function(f, type)
' Sort ascending.
function reclh(a, f, low, high)
i = low; j = high
pivot = a[(low + high)/2][f]
do
while (a[i][f] < pivot) i = i + 1
while (a[j][f] > pivot) j = j - 1
if i <= j
tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp
i = i + 1; j = j - 1
endif
until i > j
if low < j reclh(a, f, low, j)
if i < high reclh(a, f, i, high)
endfunc
' Sort descending.
function rechl(a, f, low, high)
i = low; j = high
pivot = a[(low + high)/2][f]
do
while (a[i][f] > pivot) i = i + 1
while (a[j][f] < pivot) j = j - 1
if i <= j
tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp
i = i + 1; j = j - 1
endif
until i > j
if low < j rechl(a, f, low, j)
if i < high rechl(a, f, i, high)
endfunc
' Sort using function f.
function recf(a, f, low, high, fn)
i = low; j = high
pivot = a[(low + high)/2][f]
do
while fn(a[i][f], pivot) < 0 i = i + 1
while fn(a[j][f], pivot) > 0 j = j - 1
if i <= j
tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp
i = i + 1; j = j - 1
endif
until i > j
if low < j recf(a, f, low, j, fn)
if i < high recf(a, f, i, high, fn)
endfunc
if this.size > 1
if typeof(type) = TYPE_FUNCTION recf(this, f, 0, this.size - 1, type)
elseif type >= 0 reclh(this, f, 0, this.size - 1)
else rechl(this, f, 0, this.size - 1)
endif
endfunc
' SortedByField
' -------------
' Works like SortByField, but returns a sorted shallow copy instead of sorting this list.
list.SortedByField = function(f, type)
list = this.Clone()
list.SortByField(f, type)
return list
endfunc
' ToString
' --------
' Return a string version of the list. If any item in the list is a table with a ToString
' function, the function will be called to get a string representation for that item.
list.ToString = function()
s = "["
if this.size > 0
for i = 0 to this.size - 1
if typeof(this[i]) = TYPE_TABLE and key(this[i], "ToString") and
typeof(this.ToString) = TYPE_FUNCTION
if i = 0 s = s + this[i].ToString()
else s = s + ", " + this[i].ToString()
else
if i = 0 s = s + this[i]
else s = s + ", " + this[i]
endif
next
endif
return s + "]"
endfunc
return list
endfunc
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| linked list |
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Posted by: aliensoldier - 03-29-2023, 03:15 PM - Forum: Questions and discussions
- Replies (13)
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How could you create a linked list in naalaa for all types of data?
As it would be programmed, with a function to add data to the list and another function to remove data from the list and another function to remove all data from the list
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| where to learn c from basic to advanced |
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Posted by: aliensoldier - 03-28-2023, 12:44 PM - Forum: Local pub
- Replies (9)
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I would like to know if you know of any blog where you can learn the C language from the most basic to the most advanced.
And I would also like to know where to find a forum to ask questions about c and be able to continue learning.
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| Chunky Scores |
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Posted by: johnno1956 - 03-21-2023, 08:34 PM - Forum: Questions and discussions
- Replies (11)
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Does anyone have, or know of, a routine that draws the old style chunky scores? Similar to the numbers on the old "flip-flop" digital clocks... or even like the old 8 bit digits... The style, not the action... lol I know I could probably create the scores using the appropriate font, but just for the fun of it, I would like to try and reproduce the score system graphically. (Primitives. No sprites.)
J
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| assembler example, not understanding |
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Posted by: aliensoldier - 03-11-2023, 02:45 PM - Forum: Questions and discussions
- No Replies
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There is an example of an assembler in the help folder but I don't know what it is for and what is its use.
I haven't seen any documentation to learn how to use it, so...what is this for? To add little bits of code to speed up the program or maybe you could make a whole game out of it. 
Code: ' asm, endasm
' -----------
' The n7 virtual machine instruction set is not documented anywhere. Still, you can add instructions
' directly into your code using 'asm' and 'endasm'.
' When you compile an n7 program, the source code is first checked for errors and translated into
' "assembler" code. You can actually view this code in the n7a file with the same name as your n7
' file. It's a plain text file. Anything you put between 'asm' and 'endasm' is copied, without any
' error checking, into the n7a file. Next, the compiler compiles the n7a file into a binary format
' (an n7b file), which is then baked into an executable file (exe). The n7a and n7b files are NOT
' needed for your program to run.
foo = 13
' An aweful lot of code to add 7 to foo. But what can I say? This was never meant to be done by
' humans. One day I might document it all and make it a bit more human friendly.
asm
mpush
mload "foo"
mget @0
move @1 7
add @0 @1
mset @0
mpop
endasm
pln "a = " + foo
system "pause"
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| scroll function |
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Posted by: aliensoldier - 03-06-2023, 03:35 PM - Forum: Questions and discussions
- Replies (5)
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I don't really know what the "scroll" function is for or how to use it correctly, there is a simple example to follow but I don't know if it is to move objects, the background or the scroll.
There is a strange effect that the example does, the background moves but you can see a white line behind the background and each time the background gets smaller, until the background is only a piece and you can see a couple of white lines behind
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![[Image: ned_new_toggles.jpg]](https://naalaa.com/tmp/ned_new_toggles.jpg)
